Chemistry

What is the atomic number?

What is an element?

What are the first 4 elements of the Periodic Table?

What are the first 4 Periodic Table elements by number, element, symbol, and mass?

What are elements 5-8 of the Periodic Table?

What are elements 9-12 of the Periodic Table?

What group of highly reactive metals is in column 1 of the periodic table?

Hint: Lithium, sodium, and potassium are examples; they react violently with water

What group of reactive metals is in column 2 of the periodic table?

Hint: Beryllium, magnesium, and calcium are examples

What group of highly reactive nonmetals is in column 17?

Hint: Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are examples

What group of unreactive gases is in column 18 (the last column)?

Hint: Helium, neon, and argon are examples; they rarely form compounds

What large group of metals fills the middle of the periodic table (columns 3-12)?

Hint: Iron, copper, gold, and silver are examples

What positively charged subatomic particle is found in the nucleus?

Hint: Its number determines what element an atom is

What subatomic particle has no charge and is found in the nucleus?

Hint: Neutral = no charge

What negatively charged subatomic particle orbits the nucleus?

Hint: It's extremely small and moves in 'clouds' around the nucleus

What is the dense center of an atom called?

Hint: It contains protons and neutrons

What does the atomic number of an element tell you?

Hint: Each element has a unique number of these

What type of chemical bond forms when one atom gives electrons to another?

Hint: It forms between a metal and a nonmetal; table salt (NaCl) is an example

What type of chemical bond forms when atoms share electrons?

Hint: It forms between nonmetals; water (H2O) is an example

What type of bond involves a 'sea of electrons' shared among many metal atoms?

Hint: This is why metals conduct electricity and are malleable

What type of substance has a pH below 7, tastes sour, and donates hydrogen ions?

Hint: Lemon juice and vinegar are examples

What type of substance has a pH above 7, feels slippery, and accepts hydrogen ions?

Hint: Soap and baking soda are examples

What pH value is considered neutral (neither acid nor base)?

Hint: Pure water has this pH

What is the range of the pH scale?

Hint: 0 is most acidic, 14 is most basic

What is a substance made of only one type of atom?

Hint: Gold, oxygen, and carbon are examples

What is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined?

Hint: Water (H2O) and salt (NaCl) are examples

What is a combination of substances that are NOT chemically combined?

Hint: Trail mix and salad are examples; components can be separated physically

What is two or more atoms bonded together called?

Hint: H2O (water) is a molecule made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

What is an atom that has gained or lost electrons (has a charge)?

Hint: Positive ions lost electrons; negative ions gained electrons

What is the organized chart of all known elements?

Hint: Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number

What is a process that changes one set of substances into another?

Hint: Burning wood and rusting iron are examples

What are the starting substances in a chemical reaction called?

Hint: They go on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation

What are the new substances formed in a chemical reaction called?

Hint: They go on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation

What law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?

Hint: The mass of reactants always equals the mass of products

What type of change alters the form of a substance but NOT its chemical identity?

Hint: Cutting paper, melting ice, and dissolving sugar are examples

What type of change produces a new substance with different properties?

Hint: Burning, rusting, and cooking are examples

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

Hint: There are 7 of them; elements in each row have the same number of electron shells

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

Hint: Elements in the same column share similar chemical properties

Who is considered the father of the periodic table?

Hint: Russian chemist who arranged elements by atomic mass in 1869

What are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals called?

Hint: Silicon and boron are examples; they form a staircase on the periodic table

What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

Hint: It has atomic number 8

What is the lightest element on the periodic table?

Hint: Atomic number 1; makes up most of the universe

What is the chemical symbol for gold?

Hint: From the Latin word 'aurum'

What is the chemical symbol for iron?

Hint: From the Latin word 'ferrum'

What element is the basis of all organic (living) chemistry?

Hint: Diamond and graphite are both pure forms of this element

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

Hint: From the Latin word 'natrium'; it's in table salt (NaCl)

What is the chemical formula for water?

Hint: 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom

What is the chemical formula for table salt?

Hint: Sodium + chlorine

What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

Hint: One carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms; you exhale it

What gas do we breathe in that is essential for cellular respiration?

Hint: Makes up about 21% of Earth's atmosphere

What type of reaction releases heat energy?

Hint: When you light a campfire, heat goes OUT. Exo = out, thermic = heat

What type of reaction absorbs heat energy?

Hint: Photosynthesis and melting ice are examples; 'endo' means in

What substance speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?

Hint: Enzymes are biological catalysts in your body

In a solution, what is the substance that gets dissolved called?

Hint: Sugar is the solute when you dissolve it in water

What substance is known as the 'universal solvent'?

Hint: It dissolves more substances than any other liquid

What is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom called?

Hint: Protons + neutrons; electrons are too light to count

What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons called?

Hint: Iso = same, tope = place. Same spot on the periodic table, different mass

What are the energy levels where electrons orbit the nucleus called?

Hint: The first shell holds up to 2 electrons, the second up to 8

What are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom called?

Hint: They determine how an atom bonds with other atoms

What are the first five elements of the periodic table in order?

Hint: Happy Henry Likes Being Bored — first letters match the elements

What are elements 6 through 10 of the periodic table?

Hint: Cowboys Never Order Fish Nuggets — first letters match

What common indicator turns red in acids and blue in bases?

Hint: Blue litmus turns red in acid; red litmus turns blue in base

What is the phase change from gas directly to solid called (the reverse of sublimation)?

Hint: Frost forming on a window is an example — water vapor becomes ice without being liquid first

What are elements 11 through 15 of the periodic table?

Hint: Na and Mg have Latin-based symbols; Si is used in computer chips

What are elements 16 through 20 of the periodic table?

Hint: K comes from Latin 'kalium'; Argon is a noble gas; Ca is in your bones

What is formed when an acid and a base react together?

Hint: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O is a classic example

What are the three common states of matter?

Hint: Water can exist in all three: ice (solid), water (liquid), steam (gas)

What are the three particles that make up an atom?

Hint: Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons orbit around it

What is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom called?

Hint: Gold, oxygen, and carbon are examples — they cannot be broken down further by chemical means

What is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together?

Hint: Water (H₂O) and salt (NaCl) are classic examples

How does a mixture differ from a compound?

Hint: Trail mix and salad are mixtures — the parts can be separated without a chemical reaction

What does the atomic number of an element on the periodic table tell you?

Hint: Hydrogen has atomic number 1 because it has 1 proton

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

Hint: Cutting paper = physical change; burning paper = chemical change

On the pH scale, what number indicates a neutral substance like pure water?

Hint: Below 7 is acidic (lemon juice = 2); above 7 is basic (baking soda = 9)

Water droplets form on the outside of a cold glass. Which state change explains this?

Hint: Water vapor becomes liquid

Copper is used in wiring because it allows electric current to flow. Which property is this?

Hint: Conductors let current pass

A plastic spoon floats while a metal spoon sinks in water. Which property is being compared?

Hint: Floating and sinking depend on density compared with water

Ice left on a warm counter becomes liquid water. What change of state is this?

Hint: Solid becomes liquid

Water vapor touches a cold glass and forms liquid droplets. What change of state is this?

Hint: Gas becomes liquid

A cork floats while a rock sinks in water. Which property best helps explain this difference?

Hint: It compares mass to volume