In the Toulmin model of argument, what is a 'claim'?
A) A piece of evidence
B) The conclusion or assertion being argued
C) A qualification or limitation
D) A counterargument
In the Toulmin model, what are 'grounds' (or 'data')?
A) The conclusion of the argument
B) The evidence and facts that support the claim
C) The opposing team's arguments
D) The judge's decision
In the Toulmin model, what is a 'warrant'?
A) A legal document
B) The logical connection or reasoning that links the evidence to the claim
C) A piece of physical evidence
D) The speaker's credentials
In the Toulmin model, what is a 'qualifier'?
A) A statement that strengthens the claim to absolute certainty
B) A word or phrase that indicates the strength or certainty of the claim (e.g., 'probably,' 'most likely')
C) A type of evidence
D) The opponent's rebuttal
What is the difference between empirical evidence and testimonial evidence?
A) They are the same
B) Empirical evidence comes from observation and data; testimonial evidence comes from expert or eyewitness statements
C) Testimonial is always stronger
D) Empirical evidence is always unreliable
What does it mean to 'cite a source' in debate?
A) To make up evidence
B) To identify the author, publication, date, and qualifications behind a piece of evidence
C) To quote the opponent
D) To use emotional language
In the Toulmin model, what is a 'backing'?
A) The evidence that supports the opponent
B) Additional support or justification for the warrant itself
C) The conclusion of the argument
D) A type of fallacy
What is an 'impact' in debate evidence analysis?
A) The physical force of a blow
B) The significance or consequence of an argument — why it matters
C) The number of sources cited
D) The length of the speech