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List the four layers of the Earth from outside to inside.
Hint: The outermost is thin like an eggshell, the innermost is a solid ball
What is the thin, outermost layer of the Earth?
Hint: We live on this layer; it includes continents and ocean floor
What is the thickest layer of the Earth made of hot, dense rock?
Hint: It slowly flows and causes tectonic plate movement
What layer of the Earth is liquid iron and nickel?
Hint: It creates Earth's magnetic field
What layer of the Earth is solid iron and nickel at extreme pressure?
Hint: It's the hottest part of the Earth but pressure keeps it solid
What type of rock forms from cooled magma or lava?
Hint: 'Ignis' is Latin for fire
What type of rock forms from layers of sediment compressed over time?
Hint: It often contains fossils and forms in layers
What type of rock forms when existing rock is changed by heat and pressure?
Hint: 'Meta' means change — this rock has been transformed
What are the main steps of the water cycle?
Hint: Water goes up as vapor, forms clouds, falls as rain, and gathers again
What process changes liquid water into water vapor?
Hint: The sun heats water and it rises as a gas
What process changes water vapor into liquid droplets, forming clouds?
Hint: Think of water drops forming on a cold glass
What is the term for water falling from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail?
Hint: It includes all forms of water falling from the sky
What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs?
Hint: We live in it; 'tropo' means turning or changing — where weather happens
List the five layers of Earth's atmosphere from lowest to highest.
Hint: The Silly Monkeys Tried Eating — first letters match the layers
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer that protects us from UV rays?
Hint: It's the second layer up; jets fly in the lower part of it
What process describes how rocks are continuously changed from one type to another over time?
Hint: Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks can each transform into the other types
What scale measures the hardness of minerals from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)?
Hint: Talc is 1, diamond is 10
Which rock type forms when melted rock cools and hardens?
Hint: Think fire and magma
Which rock type forms from layers of sediment pressed together?
Hint: The word sediment is the clue
Which rock type forms when heat and pressure change an existing rock?
Hint: Meta means change
Which trait helps identify a mineral by how hard it is to scratch?
Hint: The Mohs scale measures it
Which rock type is most likely to contain fossils?
Hint: Fossils are often buried in layers
Which statement best describes climate?
Hint: Climate is long-term
What is a weather front?
Hint: Different air masses meet there
Dark clouds gather and the air pressure drops. What weather is more likely?
Hint: Clouds and falling pressure often signal changing weather
Which Earth layer is liquid metal and helps generate Earth's magnetic field?
Hint: The inner core is solid; the outer core is liquid
A puddle disappears after several warm sunny hours. Which water-cycle process explains this?
Hint: Liquid water changes into water vapor
Which Earth layer is the hottest and deepest?
Hint: It is solid metal at Earth's center
Which Earth layer is liquid metal and helps create Earth's magnetic field?
Hint: It surrounds the inner core
Put Earth's layers in order from outside to inside.
Hint: Start with the thin rocky surface
In the water cycle, what is collection?
Hint: Collected water is stored before it evaporates again
What is runoff in the water cycle?
Hint: Rainwater runs over the ground
What is transpiration?
Hint: Plants release water vapor through leaves
Which sequence is a common water cycle path?
Hint: Water rises, forms clouds, falls, then gathers
What is infiltration in the water cycle?
Hint: It goes into soil and groundwater
Rock formed from cooled magma or lava is what type?
Hint: Ignis means fire
Rock formed from layers of sediment pressed together is what type?
Hint: Sediment settles in layers
Rock changed by heat and pressure is what type?
Hint: Meta means change
Which property describes how hard a mineral is to scratch?
Hint: The Mohs scale measures it
In the water cycle, liquid water becoming water vapor is called what?
Hint: Water rises into the air
In the water cycle, water vapor cooling into cloud droplets is called what?
Hint: Clouds form this way
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling from clouds is called what?
Hint: It falls from the sky
Which Earth layer is the thin rocky outer layer?
Hint: We live on it
Which Earth layer lies below the crust and is made of hot, slowly moving rock?
Hint: It is below the crust
Earth's core is made mostly of which metals?
Hint: These dense metals are common in the core
A puddle disappears after several sunny hours. Which water-cycle process explains this?
Hint: Liquid water changes into vapor