What does Socrates mean by 'the examined life'?
A) A life spent reading books
B) A life of constant self-reflection, questioning assumptions, and seeking truth
C) A life of political activity
D) A life devoted to pleasure
In Socratic philosophy, what is the relationship between virtue and knowledge?
A) They are unrelated
B) Virtue IS knowledge — if you truly know what is good, you will do it
C) Knowledge prevents virtue
D) Virtue requires ignorance
What is Plato's distinction between knowledge (episteme) and opinion (doxa)?
A) They are identical
B) Knowledge is justified true belief about unchanging reality; opinion is belief about the changing sensory world
C) Opinion is always correct; knowledge is always wrong
D) Knowledge comes from the senses; opinion comes from reason
What is justice according to Socrates' final definition in the 'Republic'?
A) Giving everyone equal wealth
B) Each part of the soul (and state) performing its proper function in harmony
C) Following all laws without question
D) The strongest ruling over the weak
What are the four cardinal virtues in classical philosophy?
A) Faith, hope, love, charity
B) Prudence (wisdom), justice, fortitude (courage), temperance (moderation)
C) Honesty, loyalty, kindness, patience
D) Knowledge, beauty, truth, goodness
What does 'wisdom' (sophia) mean in the Socratic sense?
A) Having memorized many facts
B) Understanding the nature of reality and one's own limitations, including knowing what one does not know
C) Being old
D) Having political power
What is the Allegory of the Cave in Plato's 'Republic'?
A) A story about mining for gold
B) An allegory comparing ordinary perception to seeing shadows on a cave wall — true knowledge requires turning toward the light of reality
C) A description of an actual cave in Athens
D) A lesson about architecture
What does 'arete' mean in ancient Greek philosophy?
A) Art
B) Excellence or virtue — the fulfillment of one's purpose or function
C) Arithmetic
D) Authority
What is eudaimonia as discussed in classical philosophy?
A) A type of government
B) Human flourishing or happiness achieved through a life of virtue and reason
C) A religious ritual
D) A form of poetry