Loading
Just a moment…
Loading
Just a moment…
All 4 conjugations + 3rd-iō — active and passive indicative across all 6 tenses
Each row shows the endingsattached to the verb stem. To find the full form of a verb, take the verb's stem (1st principal part minus the ending) and add the ending shown. Example: amō → stem am- → amō, amās, amat...
For perfect-system tenses (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect), use the perfect stem— the 3rd principal part minus -ī. For amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus the perfect stem is amāv-; for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus it is dūx-. Each verb has its own perfect stem, learned from the principal parts.
Model: amō, amāre — to love
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -ō | -ās | -at | -āmus | -ātis | -ant |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -ābam | -ābās | -ābat | -ābāmus | -ābātis | -ābant |
| Future(Futūrum) | -ābō | -ābis | -ābit | -ābimus | -ābitis | -ābunt |
| Perfect(Perfectum) | -āvī | -āvistī | -āvit | -āvimus | -āvistis | -āvērunt |
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | -āveram | -āverās | -āverat | -āverāmus | -āverātis | -āverant |
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) | -āverō | -āveris | -āverit | -āverimus | -āveritis | -āverint |
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -or | -āris (-āre) | -ātur | -āmur | -āminī | -antur |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -ābar | -ābāris (-ābāre) | -ābātur | -ābāmur | -ābāminī | -ābantur |
| Future(Futūrum) | -ābor | -āberis (-ābere) | -ābitur | -ābimur | -ābiminī | -ābuntur |
Model: moneō, monēre — to warn
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -eō | -ēs | -et | -ēmus | -ētis | -ent |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -ēbam | -ēbās | -ēbat | -ēbāmus | -ēbātis | -ēbant |
| Future(Futūrum) | -ēbō | -ēbis | -ēbit | -ēbimus | -ēbitis | -ēbunt |
| Perfect(Perfectum) | -uī | -uistī | -uit | -uimus | -uistis | -uērunt |
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | -ueram | -uerās | -uerat | -uerāmus | -uerātis | -uerant |
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) | -uerō | -ueris | -uerit | -uerimus | -ueritis | -uerint |
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -eor | -ēris (-ēre) | -ētur | -ēmur | -ēminī | -entur |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -ēbar | -ēbāris (-ēbāre) | -ēbātur | -ēbāmur | -ēbāminī | -ēbantur |
| Future(Futūrum) | -ēbor | -ēberis (-ēbere) | -ēbitur | -ēbimur | -ēbiminī | -ēbuntur |
Model: dūcō, dūcere — to lead
Perfect-system endings shown below are UNIVERSAL — they attach to the verb's perfect stem (the 3rd principal part minus -ī). For dūcō the perfect stem is dūx-, so "I led" = dūxī, "we had led" = dūxerāmus, "they will have led" = dūxerint. Each 3rd-conjugation verb has its own irregular perfect stem learned from the principal parts.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -ō | -is | -it | -imus | -itis | -unt |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -ēbam | -ēbās | -ēbat | -ēbāmus | -ēbātis | -ēbant |
| Future(Futūrum) | -am | -ēs | -et | -ēmus | -ētis | -ent |
| Perfect(Perfectum) | -ī | -istī | -it | -imus | -istis | -ērunt |
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | -eram | -erās | -erat | -erāmus | -erātis | -erant |
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) | -erō | -eris | -erit | -erimus | -eritis | -erint |
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -or | -eris (-ere) | -itur | -imur | -iminī | -untur |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -ēbar | -ēbāris (-ēbāre) | -ēbātur | -ēbāmur | -ēbāminī | -ēbantur |
| Future(Futūrum) | -ar | -ēris (-ēre) | -ētur | -ēmur | -ēminī | -entur |
Model: capiō, capere — to take
Universal perfect-system endings (see 3rd conjugation note). For capiō the perfect stem is cēp- (lengthened from cap-), so "I took" = cēpī, "we had taken" = cēperāmus.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -iō | -is | -it | -imus | -itis | -iunt |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -iēbam | -iēbās | -iēbat | -iēbāmus | -iēbātis | -iēbant |
| Future(Futūrum) | -iam | -iēs | -iet | -iēmus | -iētis | -ient |
| Perfect(Perfectum) | -ī | -istī | -it | -imus | -istis | -ērunt |
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | -eram | -erās | -erat | -erāmus | -erātis | -erant |
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) | -erō | -eris | -erit | -erimus | -eritis | -erint |
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -ior | -eris (-ere) | -itur | -imur | -iminī | -iuntur |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -iēbar | -iēbāris (-iēbāre) | -iēbātur | -iēbāmur | -iēbāminī | -iēbantur |
| Future(Futūrum) | -iar | -iēris (-iēre) | -iētur | -iēmur | -iēminī | -ientur |
Model: audiō, audīre — to hear
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -iō | -īs | -it | -īmus | -ītis | -iunt |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -iēbam | -iēbās | -iēbat | -iēbāmus | -iēbātis | -iēbant |
| Future(Futūrum) | -iam | -iēs | -iet | -iēmus | -iētis | -ient |
| Perfect(Perfectum) | -īvī | -īvistī | -īvit | -īvimus | -īvistis | -īvērunt |
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | -īveram | -īverās | -īverat | -īverāmus | -īverātis | -īverant |
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) | -īverō | -īveris | -īverit | -īverimus | -īveritis | -īverint |
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | -ior | -īris (-īre) | -ītur | -īmur | -īminī | -iuntur |
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | -iēbar | -iēbāris (-iēbāre) | -iēbātur | -iēbāmur | -iēbāminī | -iēbantur |
| Future(Futūrum) | -iar | -iēris (-iēre) | -iētur | -iēmur | -iēminī | -ientur |
Universal across all 4 conjugations — example uses amātus (the perfect-passive participle of amō)
Latin perfect-system passive tenses are compound: the verb's perfect-passive participle (4th principal part) combines with a form of esse (“to be”). The participle agrees with the subject in gender and number — the masculine forms amātus / amātī are shown below; feminine subjects use amāta / amātae; neuter subjects use amātum / amāta.
Substitute any verb's 4th principal part for amātus: for moneō use monitus; for dūcō use ductus; for capiō use captus; for audiō use audītus.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perfect Passive(Perfectum Passīvum) | amātus sum | amātus es | amātus est | amātī sumus | amātī estis | amātī sunt |
| Pluperfect Passive(Plūsquamperfectum Passīvum) | amātus eram | amātus erās | amātus erat | amātī erāmus | amātī erātis | amātī erant |
| Future Perfect Passive(Futūrum Perfectum Passīvum) | amātus erō | amātus eris | amātus erit | amātī erimus | amātī eritis | amātī erunt |
The forms of esse used as helpers in this construction:
See How to Read a Latin Sentence for word order, agreement rules, and the parsing patterns that turn these endings into translation.
Review conjugation charts →