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Printable Latin chart
See the whole verb system before you drill it.
Keep active and passive forms on one printable reference page, then move into recall practice when the pattern is familiar.
Latin Conjugation Chart
All 4 conjugations + 3rd -io - active and passive indicative across all 6 tenses
Person Reference
1st Sg. = I / I am [verb]ed2nd Sg. = you / you are [verb]ed3rd Sg. = he/she/it [verb]s · is [verb]ed1st Pl. = we / we are [verb]ed2nd Pl. = you all / you all are [verb]ed3rd Pl. = they / they are [verb]ed
How to use this chart
Each row shows the endings attached to the verb stem. To find the full form of a verb, take the verb's stem (1st principal part minus the ending) and add the ending shown. Example: amō to stem am- to amō, amās, amat.
For perfect-system tenses (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect), use the perfect stem - the 3rd principal part minus -ī. For amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus the perfect stem is amāv-; for dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus it is dūx-. Each verb has its own perfect stem, learned from the principal parts.
1st Conjugation
Model: amō, amāre — to love
Active Voice (I love, I am loving, I had loved...)
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) | ||||||
| Perfect(Perfectum) | ||||||
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | ||||||
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) |
Passive Voice (I am loved, I was being loved, I will be loved...)
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) |
2nd Conjugation
Model: moneō, monēre — to warn
Active Voice (I love, I am loving, I had loved...)
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) | ||||||
| Perfect(Perfectum) | ||||||
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | ||||||
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) |
Passive Voice (I am loved, I was being loved, I will be loved...)
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) |
3rd Conjugation
Model: dūcō, dūcere — to lead
Active Voice (I love, I am loving, I had loved...)
Perfect-system endings shown below are UNIVERSAL — they attach to the verb's perfect stem (the 3rd principal part minus -ī). For dūcō the perfect stem is dūx-, so "I led" = dūxī, "we had led" = dūxerāmus, "they will have led" = dūxerint. Each 3rd-conjugation verb has its own irregular perfect stem learned from the principal parts.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) | ||||||
| Perfect(Perfectum) | ||||||
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | ||||||
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) |
Passive Voice (I am loved, I was being loved, I will be loved...)
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) |
3rd (-iō) Conjugation
Model: capiō, capere — to take
Active Voice (I love, I am loving, I had loved...)
Universal perfect-system endings (see 3rd conjugation note). For capiō the perfect stem is cēp- (lengthened from cap-), so "I took" = cēpī, "we had taken" = cēperāmus.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) | ||||||
| Perfect(Perfectum) | ||||||
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | ||||||
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) |
Passive Voice (I am loved, I was being loved, I will be loved...)
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) |
4th Conjugation
Model: audiō, audīre — to hear
Active Voice (I love, I am loving, I had loved...)
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) | ||||||
| Perfect(Perfectum) | ||||||
| Pluperfect(Plūsquamperfectum) | ||||||
| Future Perfect(Futūrum Perfectum) |
Passive Voice (I am loved, I was being loved, I will be loved...)
Present-system passive only (synthetic forms). For perfect-system passive (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect Passive), see the compound template below — same construction across all conjugations.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present(Praesēns) | ||||||
| Imperfect(Imperfectum) | ||||||
| Future(Futūrum) |
Perfect-System Passive (Compound Forms)
Universal across all 4 conjugations - example uses amātus (the perfect-passive participle of amō)
How perfect-system passive works
Latin perfect-system passive tenses are compound: the verb's perfect-passive participle (4th principal part) combines with a form of esse (“to be”). The participle agrees with the subject in gender and number — the masculine forms amātus / amātī are shown below; feminine subjects use amāta / amātae; neuter subjects use amātum / amāta.
Substitute any verb's 4th principal part for amātus: for moneō use monitus; for dūcō use ductus; for capiō use captus; for audiō use audītus.
| Tense | 1st Sg. | 2nd Sg. | 3rd Sg. | 1st Pl. | 2nd Pl. | 3rd Pl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perfect Passive(Perfectum Passīvum) | amātus sum | amātus es | amātus est | amātī sumus | amātī estis | amātī sunt |
| Pluperfect Passive(Plūsquamperfectum Passīvum) | amātus eram | amātus erās | amātus erat | amātī erāmus | amātī erātis | amātī erant |
| Future Perfect Passive(Futūrum Perfectum Passīvum) | amātus erō | amātus eris | amātus erit | amātī erimus | amātī eritis | amātī erunt |
The helper-verb pattern
The forms of esse used as helpers in this construction:
- Perfect Passive: sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
- Pluperfect Passive: eram, erās, erat, erāmus, erātis, erant
- Future Perfect Passive: erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt
Want to put these forms to work?
See How to Read a Latin Sentence for word order, agreement rules, and the parsing patterns that turn these endings into translation.
Review conjugation chartsCommon questions about Latin conjugations
How do Latin verb conjugations work?
Each row in a conjugation chart shows the endings attached to the verb stem. To find the full form, take the verb's stem (the first principal part minus its ending) and add the ending shown. For example, amō uses the stem am-, giving amō, amās, amat for the present active.
How many conjugation groups does Latin have?
Latin has four main conjugations plus a 3rd-iō subgroup, making five groups in total. The model verbs are: 1st (amō, to love), 2nd (moneō, to warn), 3rd (dūcō, to lead), 3rd-iō (capiō, to take), and 4th (audiō, to hear).
What is the perfect stem and why does it matter?
For perfect-system tenses (Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect), you use the perfect stem — the third principal part minus the -ī ending. For amō the perfect stem is amāv-; for dūcō it is dūx-. Each verb has its own perfect stem learned from the principal parts.
How does the Latin perfect-system passive work?
Latin perfect-system passive tenses are compound: the verb's perfect-passive participle (4th principal part) combines with a form of esse (to be). The participle agrees with the subject in gender and number. The same construction works across all four conjugations — just substitute the correct 4th principal part.
What are the person and number abbreviations in the conjugation chart?
1st Sg. = I / I am [verb]ed; 2nd Sg. = you / you are [verb]ed; 3rd Sg. = he/she/it; 1st Pl. = we; 2nd Pl. = you all; 3rd Pl. = they. Passive equivalents follow the same pattern with am/are/is [verb]ed added.