Loading
Just a moment…
Loading
Just a moment…
Latin Reference
No account needed — bookmark, print, or hand a copy to a co-op class before day one.
The very first sessions — core pronouns, the verb "to be," and a handful of high-frequency words.
| Type | Latin | English meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Word | ad | to, toward | preposition |
| Word | nōn | not | adverb |
| Word | ego | I | pronoun |
| Word | est | he/she/it is | irregular verb |
| Word | semper | always | adverb |
| Word | duo | two | adjective |
| Word | sum | to be | irregular verb |
| Word | tū | you (singular) | pronoun |
| Word | litterae | letter, dispatch; literature | noun (decl. 1, f) |
Once a student is answering reliably, the pool shifts to first noun declensions and simple sentences.
| Type | Latin | English meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Word | litterae | letter, dispatch; literature | noun (decl. 1, f) |
| Word | pater | father | noun (decl. 3, m) |
| Word | manus | hand | noun (decl. 4, f) |
| Word | secundus | second | adjective |
| Word | amīcus | friend | noun (decl. 2, m) |
| Word | lūx | light | noun (decl. 3, f) |
| Sentence | Agricola filiae aquam dat. | The farmer gives water to the daughter. | 1st declension dative singular (-ae) |
Full sentences with subordinate clauses — purpose and result clauses using the subjunctive.
| Type | Latin | English meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Regis vox a populo auditur. | The voice of the king is heard by the people. | 3rd declension genitive (regis) + nominative (vox) |
| Analysis question | In the sentence 'Mārcus venit ut amīcum videat,' what mood and tense is videat? | Present subjunctive — purpose clause introduced by ut. | purpose clause with present subjunctive |
| Sentence | Puerī tam celeriter currunt ut omnēs vincant. | The boys run so quickly that they defeat everyone. | result clause (tam...ut + present subjunctive) |
| Sentence | Magister bene docet ut discipulī discant. | The teacher teaches well so that the students may learn. | purpose clause in translation (ut + present subjunctive) |
| Sentence | Cōnsul mīlitibus imperāvit ut fortiter pugnārent. | The consul ordered the soldiers to fight bravely. | indirect command (ut + imperfect subjunctive, secondary sequence) |
| Sentence | Tam diū exspectāvimus ut iam dormiāmus. | We waited so long that we are now falling asleep. | result clause (tam...ut + present subjunctive, primary sequence) |
| Analysis question | In the sentence 'Mīlitēs pugnant nē vincantur,' what does nē introduce? | Negative purpose clause: 'so that they may not be conquered'; nē introduces purpose with the present passive subjunctive vincantur. | negative purpose clause (ne + subjunctive) |
| Sentence | Māter līberīs nārrāvit ut bene dormīrent. | The mother told the children stories so that they would sleep. | indirect command / purpose clause in secondary sequence (imperfect subjunctive) |
The same sentence-level pool as Dialectic, now paired with harder review at a faster pace.
| Type | Latin | English meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Dona quae Deus dat bona sunt. | The gifts which God gives are good. | Relative pronoun (quae) nominative neuter plural |
| Analysis question | In the sentence 'Mārcus venit ut amīcum videat,' what mood and tense is videat? | Present subjunctive — purpose clause introduced by ut. | purpose clause with present subjunctive |
| Sentence | Puerī tam celeriter currunt ut omnēs vincant. | The boys run so quickly that they defeat everyone. | result clause (tam...ut + present subjunctive) |
| Sentence | Magister bene docet ut discipulī discant. | The teacher teaches well so that the students may learn. | purpose clause in translation (ut + present subjunctive) |
| Sentence | Cōnsul mīlitibus imperāvit ut fortiter pugnārent. | The consul ordered the soldiers to fight bravely. | indirect command (ut + imperfect subjunctive, secondary sequence) |
| Sentence | Tam diū exspectāvimus ut iam dormiāmus. | We waited so long that we are now falling asleep. | result clause (tam...ut + present subjunctive, primary sequence) |
| Analysis question | In the sentence 'Mīlitēs pugnant nē vincantur,' what does nē introduce? | Negative purpose clause: 'so that they may not be conquered'; nē introduces purpose with the present passive subjunctive vincantur. | negative purpose clause (ne + subjunctive) |
| Sentence | Māter līberīs nārrāvit ut bene dormīrent. | The mother told the children stories so that they would sleep. | indirect command / purpose clause in secondary sequence (imperfect subjunctive) |
Short passages adapted from real Latin authors — Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, and Ovid.
| Type | Latin | English meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sentence | Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus fuit et ditissimus Orgetorix. | Among the Helvetians, Orgetorix was by far the most noble and the richest. | extended unadapted Caesar passage, ablative absolute, historical context |
| Sentence | Quō usque tandem abūtēre, Catilīna, patientiā nostrā? quam diū etiam furor iste tuus nōs ēlūdet? | How long, Catiline, will you abuse our patience? How long will that madness of yours mock us? | extended unadapted Cicero with rhetorical tricolon |
| Sentence | Scan the first foot of Virgil's Aeneid line 1: 'Arma virumque canō.' What metrical foot opens the line? | A dactyl (long-short-short): 'Ar-ma vi-'. | scansion of Virgilian hexameter (first foot) |
| Sentence | In nova fert animus mūtātās dīcere fōrmās corpora. | My mind leads me to speak of forms changed into new bodies. | Ovid Metamorphoses opening (unadapted poetry, intro-level) |
Classical Quest adapts every session to what a student has actually mastered — spaced repetition vocabulary, declension and conjugation drills, and full sentence translation, with free resources and full access on a paid plan.
Yes. This page lists the exact starting word and sentence pools Marcus (the Classical Quest practice engine) draws from during a new student's first guided sessions, stage by stage from Foundations through Rhetoric.
In the Foundations stage, the first sessions cover core pronouns (ego, tū), the verb "to be" (sum, est), and a small set of high-frequency words like ad, nōn, and semper — words that require no prior knowledge of declensions or conjugations.
No. This starter pool is only used for a student's first few sessions while the practice engine calibrates. After that, practice draws from the full content library and adapts continuously to what each student has and hasn't mastered.