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Math Reference Sheet

Squares & Cubes Flashcards Times Table Drill Practice Math Facts

Skip Counting & Multiplication Tables

Each week in the Grammar Stage covers one number. The skip-counting sequence and full multiplication table are shown together for study.

Count by 2s

Week 1 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30

Multiplication Table

2 × 1 = 2

2 × 2 = 4

2 × 3 = 6

2 × 4 = 8

2 × 5 = 10

2 × 6 = 12

2 × 7 = 14

2 × 8 = 16

2 × 9 = 18

2 × 10 = 20

2 × 11 = 22

2 × 12 = 24

2 × 13 = 26

2 × 14 = 28

2 × 15 = 30

Count by 3s

Week 2 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45

Multiplication Table

3 × 1 = 3

3 × 2 = 6

3 × 3 = 9

3 × 4 = 12

3 × 5 = 15

3 × 6 = 18

3 × 7 = 21

3 × 8 = 24

3 × 9 = 27

3 × 10 = 30

3 × 11 = 33

3 × 12 = 36

3 × 13 = 39

3 × 14 = 42

3 × 15 = 45

Count by 4s

Week 3 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60

Multiplication Table

4 × 1 = 4

4 × 2 = 8

4 × 3 = 12

4 × 4 = 16

4 × 5 = 20

4 × 6 = 24

4 × 7 = 28

4 × 8 = 32

4 × 9 = 36

4 × 10 = 40

4 × 11 = 44

4 × 12 = 48

4 × 13 = 52

4 × 14 = 56

4 × 15 = 60

Count by 5s

Week 4 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75

Multiplication Table

5 × 1 = 5

5 × 2 = 10

5 × 3 = 15

5 × 4 = 20

5 × 5 = 25

5 × 6 = 30

5 × 7 = 35

5 × 8 = 40

5 × 9 = 45

5 × 10 = 50

5 × 11 = 55

5 × 12 = 60

5 × 13 = 65

5 × 14 = 70

5 × 15 = 75

Count by 6s

Week 5 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 78, 84, 90

Multiplication Table

6 × 1 = 6

6 × 2 = 12

6 × 3 = 18

6 × 4 = 24

6 × 5 = 30

6 × 6 = 36

6 × 7 = 42

6 × 8 = 48

6 × 9 = 54

6 × 10 = 60

6 × 11 = 66

6 × 12 = 72

6 × 13 = 78

6 × 14 = 84

6 × 15 = 90

Count by 7s

Week 6 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105

Multiplication Table

7 × 1 = 7

7 × 2 = 14

7 × 3 = 21

7 × 4 = 28

7 × 5 = 35

7 × 6 = 42

7 × 7 = 49

7 × 8 = 56

7 × 9 = 63

7 × 10 = 70

7 × 11 = 77

7 × 12 = 84

7 × 13 = 91

7 × 14 = 98

7 × 15 = 105

Count by 8s

Week 7 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120

Multiplication Table

8 × 1 = 8

8 × 2 = 16

8 × 3 = 24

8 × 4 = 32

8 × 5 = 40

8 × 6 = 48

8 × 7 = 56

8 × 8 = 64

8 × 9 = 72

8 × 10 = 80

8 × 11 = 88

8 × 12 = 96

8 × 13 = 104

8 × 14 = 112

8 × 15 = 120

Count by 9s

Week 8 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99, 108, 117, 126, 135

Multiplication Table

9 × 1 = 9

9 × 2 = 18

9 × 3 = 27

9 × 4 = 36

9 × 5 = 45

9 × 6 = 54

9 × 7 = 63

9 × 8 = 72

9 × 9 = 81

9 × 10 = 90

9 × 11 = 99

9 × 12 = 108

9 × 13 = 117

9 × 14 = 126

9 × 15 = 135

Count by 10s

Week 9 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150

Multiplication Table

10 × 1 = 10

10 × 2 = 20

10 × 3 = 30

10 × 4 = 40

10 × 5 = 50

10 × 6 = 60

10 × 7 = 70

10 × 8 = 80

10 × 9 = 90

10 × 10 = 100

10 × 11 = 110

10 × 12 = 120

10 × 13 = 130

10 × 14 = 140

10 × 15 = 150

Count by 11s

Week 10 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 132, 143, 154, 165

Multiplication Table

11 × 1 = 11

11 × 2 = 22

11 × 3 = 33

11 × 4 = 44

11 × 5 = 55

11 × 6 = 66

11 × 7 = 77

11 × 8 = 88

11 × 9 = 99

11 × 10 = 110

11 × 11 = 121

11 × 12 = 132

11 × 13 = 143

11 × 14 = 154

11 × 15 = 165

Count by 12s

Week 11 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180

Multiplication Table

12 × 1 = 12

12 × 2 = 24

12 × 3 = 36

12 × 4 = 48

12 × 5 = 60

12 × 6 = 72

12 × 7 = 84

12 × 8 = 96

12 × 9 = 108

12 × 10 = 120

12 × 11 = 132

12 × 12 = 144

12 × 13 = 156

12 × 14 = 168

12 × 15 = 180

Count by 13s

Week 12 · Cycle 3

Skip Counting Sequence

13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78, 91, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195

Multiplication Table

13 × 1 = 13

13 × 2 = 26

13 × 3 = 39

13 × 4 = 52

13 × 5 = 65

13 × 6 = 78

13 × 7 = 91

13 × 8 = 104

13 × 9 = 117

13 × 10 = 130

13 × 11 = 143

13 × 12 = 156

13 × 13 = 169

13 × 14 = 182

13 × 15 = 195

Count by 14s

Week 13 · Cycle 3

Skip Counting Sequence

14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 140, 154, 168, 182, 196, 210

Multiplication Table

14 × 1 = 14

14 × 2 = 28

14 × 3 = 42

14 × 4 = 56

14 × 5 = 70

14 × 6 = 84

14 × 7 = 98

14 × 8 = 112

14 × 9 = 126

14 × 10 = 140

14 × 11 = 154

14 × 12 = 168

14 × 13 = 182

14 × 14 = 196

14 × 15 = 210

Count by 15s

Week 14 · Cycle 3

Skip Counting Sequence

15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, 225

Multiplication Table

15 × 1 = 15

15 × 2 = 30

15 × 3 = 45

15 × 4 = 60

15 × 5 = 75

15 × 6 = 90

15 × 7 = 105

15 × 8 = 120

15 × 9 = 135

15 × 10 = 150

15 × 11 = 165

15 × 12 = 180

15 × 13 = 195

15 × 14 = 210

15 × 15 = 225

Perfect Squares & Cubes

Flashcard Practice →

Perfect Squares (1-15)

1² = 1

2² = 4

3² = 9

4² = 16

5² = 25

6² = 36

7² = 49

8² = 64

9² = 81

10² = 100

11² = 121

12² = 144

13² = 169

14² = 196

15² = 225

Perfect Cubes (1-10)

1³ = 1

2³ = 8

3³ = 27

4³ = 64

5³ = 125

6³ = 216

7³ = 343

8³ = 512

9³ = 729

10³ = 1000

Conversions

Length

12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
36 inches = 1 yard
5,280 feet = 1 mile
1,760 yards = 1 mile

Volume (Liquid)

8 fluid ounces = 1 cup
2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gallon
16 cups = 1 gallon

Weight

16 ounces = 1 pound
2,000 pounds = 1 ton

Time

60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
3,600 seconds = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
52 weeks = 1 year
365 days = 1 year

Temperature

°F to °C: C = (F - 32) × 5/9
°C to °F: F = C × 9/5 + 32
Water freezes: 32°F / 0°C
Water boils: 212°F / 100°C

Money

5 cents = 1 nickel
10 cents = 1 dime
25 cents = 1 quarter
4 quarters = 1 dollar
10 dimes = 1 dollar
20 nickels = 1 dollar

Geometry Formulas

Perimeter

Rectangle: P = 2l + 2w
Square: P = 4s
Triangle: P = a + b + c

Area

Rectangle: A = l × w
Square: A = s²
Triangle: A = ½bh
Parallelogram: A = bh
Trapezoid: A = ½(b₁ + b₂)h
Circle: A = πr²

Circles

Circumference: C = 2πr = πd
Area: A = πr²
π ≈ 3.14159...

Volume

Cube: V = s³
Rectangular Prism: V = lwh
Cylinder: V = πr²h
Cone: V = ⅓πr²h
Sphere: V = (4/3)πr³

Surface Area

Sphere: SA = 4πr²

Algebraic Properties

Commutative Property

Addition: a + b = b + a
Multiplication: a × b = b × a

Associative Property

Addition: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Multiplication: (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)

Distributive Property

a(b + c) = ab + ac
Example: 3(4 + 5) = 12 + 15 = 27

Identity & Zero Properties

Additive Identity: a + 0 = a
Multiplicative Identity: a × 1 = a
Zero Property: a × 0 = 0

Inverse Properties

Additive Inverse: a + (-a) = 0
Multiplicative Inverse: a × (1/a) = 1

Marcus is preparing your lesson…

Math Reference Sheet

Squares & Cubes Flashcards Times Table Drill Practice Math Facts

Skip Counting & Multiplication Tables

Each week in the Grammar Stage covers one number. The skip-counting sequence and full multiplication table are shown together for study.

Count by 2s

Week 1 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30

Multiplication Table

2 × 1 = 2

2 × 2 = 4

2 × 3 = 6

2 × 4 = 8

2 × 5 = 10

2 × 6 = 12

2 × 7 = 14

2 × 8 = 16

2 × 9 = 18

2 × 10 = 20

2 × 11 = 22

2 × 12 = 24

2 × 13 = 26

2 × 14 = 28

2 × 15 = 30

Count by 3s

Week 2 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45

Multiplication Table

3 × 1 = 3

3 × 2 = 6

3 × 3 = 9

3 × 4 = 12

3 × 5 = 15

3 × 6 = 18

3 × 7 = 21

3 × 8 = 24

3 × 9 = 27

3 × 10 = 30

3 × 11 = 33

3 × 12 = 36

3 × 13 = 39

3 × 14 = 42

3 × 15 = 45

Count by 4s

Week 3 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60

Multiplication Table

4 × 1 = 4

4 × 2 = 8

4 × 3 = 12

4 × 4 = 16

4 × 5 = 20

4 × 6 = 24

4 × 7 = 28

4 × 8 = 32

4 × 9 = 36

4 × 10 = 40

4 × 11 = 44

4 × 12 = 48

4 × 13 = 52

4 × 14 = 56

4 × 15 = 60

Count by 5s

Week 4 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75

Multiplication Table

5 × 1 = 5

5 × 2 = 10

5 × 3 = 15

5 × 4 = 20

5 × 5 = 25

5 × 6 = 30

5 × 7 = 35

5 × 8 = 40

5 × 9 = 45

5 × 10 = 50

5 × 11 = 55

5 × 12 = 60

5 × 13 = 65

5 × 14 = 70

5 × 15 = 75

Count by 6s

Week 5 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 78, 84, 90

Multiplication Table

6 × 1 = 6

6 × 2 = 12

6 × 3 = 18

6 × 4 = 24

6 × 5 = 30

6 × 6 = 36

6 × 7 = 42

6 × 8 = 48

6 × 9 = 54

6 × 10 = 60

6 × 11 = 66

6 × 12 = 72

6 × 13 = 78

6 × 14 = 84

6 × 15 = 90

Count by 7s

Week 6 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105

Multiplication Table

7 × 1 = 7

7 × 2 = 14

7 × 3 = 21

7 × 4 = 28

7 × 5 = 35

7 × 6 = 42

7 × 7 = 49

7 × 8 = 56

7 × 9 = 63

7 × 10 = 70

7 × 11 = 77

7 × 12 = 84

7 × 13 = 91

7 × 14 = 98

7 × 15 = 105

Count by 8s

Week 7 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120

Multiplication Table

8 × 1 = 8

8 × 2 = 16

8 × 3 = 24

8 × 4 = 32

8 × 5 = 40

8 × 6 = 48

8 × 7 = 56

8 × 8 = 64

8 × 9 = 72

8 × 10 = 80

8 × 11 = 88

8 × 12 = 96

8 × 13 = 104

8 × 14 = 112

8 × 15 = 120

Count by 9s

Week 8 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99, 108, 117, 126, 135

Multiplication Table

9 × 1 = 9

9 × 2 = 18

9 × 3 = 27

9 × 4 = 36

9 × 5 = 45

9 × 6 = 54

9 × 7 = 63

9 × 8 = 72

9 × 9 = 81

9 × 10 = 90

9 × 11 = 99

9 × 12 = 108

9 × 13 = 117

9 × 14 = 126

9 × 15 = 135

Count by 10s

Week 9 · Cycle 1

Skip Counting Sequence

10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150

Multiplication Table

10 × 1 = 10

10 × 2 = 20

10 × 3 = 30

10 × 4 = 40

10 × 5 = 50

10 × 6 = 60

10 × 7 = 70

10 × 8 = 80

10 × 9 = 90

10 × 10 = 100

10 × 11 = 110

10 × 12 = 120

10 × 13 = 130

10 × 14 = 140

10 × 15 = 150

Count by 11s

Week 10 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 132, 143, 154, 165

Multiplication Table

11 × 1 = 11

11 × 2 = 22

11 × 3 = 33

11 × 4 = 44

11 × 5 = 55

11 × 6 = 66

11 × 7 = 77

11 × 8 = 88

11 × 9 = 99

11 × 10 = 110

11 × 11 = 121

11 × 12 = 132

11 × 13 = 143

11 × 14 = 154

11 × 15 = 165

Count by 12s

Week 11 · Cycle 2

Skip Counting Sequence

12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180

Multiplication Table

12 × 1 = 12

12 × 2 = 24

12 × 3 = 36

12 × 4 = 48

12 × 5 = 60

12 × 6 = 72

12 × 7 = 84

12 × 8 = 96

12 × 9 = 108

12 × 10 = 120

12 × 11 = 132

12 × 12 = 144

12 × 13 = 156

12 × 14 = 168

12 × 15 = 180

Count by 13s

Week 12 · Cycle 3

Skip Counting Sequence

13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78, 91, 104, 117, 130, 143, 156, 169, 182, 195

Multiplication Table

13 × 1 = 13

13 × 2 = 26

13 × 3 = 39

13 × 4 = 52

13 × 5 = 65

13 × 6 = 78

13 × 7 = 91

13 × 8 = 104

13 × 9 = 117

13 × 10 = 130

13 × 11 = 143

13 × 12 = 156

13 × 13 = 169

13 × 14 = 182

13 × 15 = 195

Count by 14s

Week 13 · Cycle 3

Skip Counting Sequence

14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 140, 154, 168, 182, 196, 210

Multiplication Table

14 × 1 = 14

14 × 2 = 28

14 × 3 = 42

14 × 4 = 56

14 × 5 = 70

14 × 6 = 84

14 × 7 = 98

14 × 8 = 112

14 × 9 = 126

14 × 10 = 140

14 × 11 = 154

14 × 12 = 168

14 × 13 = 182

14 × 14 = 196

14 × 15 = 210

Count by 15s

Week 14 · Cycle 3

Skip Counting Sequence

15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, 225

Multiplication Table

15 × 1 = 15

15 × 2 = 30

15 × 3 = 45

15 × 4 = 60

15 × 5 = 75

15 × 6 = 90

15 × 7 = 105

15 × 8 = 120

15 × 9 = 135

15 × 10 = 150

15 × 11 = 165

15 × 12 = 180

15 × 13 = 195

15 × 14 = 210

15 × 15 = 225

Perfect Squares & Cubes

Flashcard Practice →

Perfect Squares (1-15)

1² = 1

2² = 4

3² = 9

4² = 16

5² = 25

6² = 36

7² = 49

8² = 64

9² = 81

10² = 100

11² = 121

12² = 144

13² = 169

14² = 196

15² = 225

Perfect Cubes (1-10)

1³ = 1

2³ = 8

3³ = 27

4³ = 64

5³ = 125

6³ = 216

7³ = 343

8³ = 512

9³ = 729

10³ = 1000

Conversions

Length

12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
36 inches = 1 yard
5,280 feet = 1 mile
1,760 yards = 1 mile

Volume (Liquid)

8 fluid ounces = 1 cup
2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gallon
16 cups = 1 gallon

Weight

16 ounces = 1 pound
2,000 pounds = 1 ton

Time

60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
3,600 seconds = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
52 weeks = 1 year
365 days = 1 year

Temperature

°F to °C: C = (F - 32) × 5/9
°C to °F: F = C × 9/5 + 32
Water freezes: 32°F / 0°C
Water boils: 212°F / 100°C

Money

5 cents = 1 nickel
10 cents = 1 dime
25 cents = 1 quarter
4 quarters = 1 dollar
10 dimes = 1 dollar
20 nickels = 1 dollar

Geometry Formulas

Perimeter

Rectangle: P = 2l + 2w
Square: P = 4s
Triangle: P = a + b + c

Area

Rectangle: A = l × w
Square: A = s²
Triangle: A = ½bh
Parallelogram: A = bh
Trapezoid: A = ½(b₁ + b₂)h
Circle: A = πr²

Circles

Circumference: C = 2πr = πd
Area: A = πr²
π ≈ 3.14159...

Volume

Cube: V = s³
Rectangular Prism: V = lwh
Cylinder: V = πr²h
Cone: V = ⅓πr²h
Sphere: V = (4/3)πr³

Surface Area

Sphere: SA = 4πr²

Algebraic Properties

Commutative Property

Addition: a + b = b + a
Multiplication: a × b = b × a

Associative Property

Addition: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Multiplication: (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)

Distributive Property

a(b + c) = ab + ac
Example: 3(4 + 5) = 12 + 15 = 27

Identity & Zero Properties

Additive Identity: a + 0 = a
Multiplicative Identity: a × 1 = a
Zero Property: a × 0 = 0

Inverse Properties

Additive Inverse: a + (-a) = 0
Multiplicative Inverse: a × (1/a) = 1